Bahamas Air serves most of the major islands in the Bahamas, and after arriving into Nassau international Airport, is the main way to get to the other island groups.
Boat services operate between the main islands as well, particularly from Nassau to Paradise Island.
If you plan to see more than one island group, or tour the whole archipelago, then give yourself plenty of time. With over 700 islands and 2500 smaller cays, you would need to buy a boat, and have plenty of time to spare.
On the larger islands, the roads are good, and car rental is possible. On smaller islands, you are only restricted by how far you can walk.