Mosquito borne diseases such as Malaria and Dengue Fever are prevalent in many areas of Brazil, and you should consult your doctor prior to travel regarding vaccination, as requirements vary depending on the region of the country you are heading to.
There is no reciprocal healthcare agreement between the UK and Brazil, so it is vitally important that you take out comprehensive medical insurance, and ensure that it covers you for any activities that you may be taking part in while you are in the country.
In most parts of the country, you can drink the water straight from the tap, although it tastes vile. Thankfully bottled water is widely available.